Long shares, a protective put beneath them, and a call sold above to pay for it. The outcome is fenced on both sides and the financing is usually close to free, which matters more than it sounds: protection that has to be funded out of pocket every quarter rarely survives a year. It is the standard structure for a concentrated holding that cannot simply be sold, and it works by handing away upside the holder was not counting on. One number states the whole compromise — the distance between floor and cap. Set both strikes here and read the net debit or credit alongside it.
Three components on one position: the shares already held, a put bought, a call sold — usually entered as a combined options order against the existing stock rather than as two separate legs. Choosing the two strikes so the premiums roughly offset is a search, not a formula; moving either strike by one increment changes the net cost and the width of the fenced range together. Because the call obligates you to sell at its strike, check the position's cost basis against that strike before entering — a collar struck below the cost basis locks in a loss if it is ever exercised.
Because the call obligates a sale at its strike, running a collar in a tax-advantaged account avoids forcing a taxable disposal if the shares are ever called away — the same reason covered calls concentrate there. Choosing the two strikes equidistant from the current price is a common starting point, then adjusting one to bring the net cost near zero; the resulting asymmetry is a real choice about which side to protect more, not an artifact of the search. A collar entered around a known lock-up expiry or blackout date is usually sized to cover exactly that window, then removed once trading restrictions lift.
Common mistake. The common mistake is setting the call strike below the cost basis to squeeze more premium out of the structure, which locks in a loss on assignment even though the trade nets a small credit.
| # | Action | Instrument | Strike |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hold | Shares ×100 | — |
| 2 | Buy | Put | 560 |
| 3 | Sell | Call | 605 |
Computed from the same strikes and net premium as the worked example above — not a simulation, the closed-form payoff evaluated at each price.
| SPY at expiry | P&L |
|---|---|
| 520 | -$15.00 |
| 540 | -$15.00 |
| 560 | -$15.00 |
| 580 | $1985.00 |
| 605 | $4485.00 |
| 625 | $4485.00 |
| Strategy | Market view | Opened for | Legs vs. this one |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protective Put | Bullish — hedged | Debit | -1 |
| Covered Call | Neutral to mildly bullish — income | Debit or credit | -1 |
| Risk Reversal | Bullish — leveraged, undefined risk | Debit or credit | -1 |
| Bull Put Spread | Bullish to neutral — income | Credit | -1 |